关于《艾滋病防治条例》的解读

依据2006年1月29日国务院公布的《艾滋病防治条例》,医疗工作应遵循标准防护原则,确保医疗安全,同时注意保护艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人的隐私,并不得因就诊患者是艾滋病病毒感染者或艾滋病患者,推诿或者拒绝对其其他疾病进行治疗。如果执行《条例》不力,将接受不同程度的处理,直至依法追究刑事责任。医疗工作者应依据《条例》规定,明确职责及权益,做好艾滋病的医疗工作,为我国艾滋病的防治提供坚实保障。     

Ethics Seminars: The Practice of Medical Procedures on Newly Dead Patients—Is Consent Warranted?

The use of the newly dead to teach procedures is widely practiced in training institutions. This model allows a realistic opportunity both to become more familiar with lifesaving maneuvers before they are actually necessary and to maintain proficiency. Whether to notify the next of kin first has been an issue of ethical debate. Some argue a "don't ask, don't tell" policy is justified, while others mandate open consent by family members prior to the practice. Several medical studies have found that patients and families are likely to consent to the procedures but prefer to be asked permission first. Multiple legal cases have addressed the issue of usage of cadavers postmortem without expressed permission. Earlier cases emphasized the concept of "pseudo-property" rights and declared that the next of kin do not have constitutional ownership of the deceased person's body. More recent legal cases are declaring that families do, in fact, possess these rights. In this day and age of increasing recognition of personal autonomy, it is probably prudent to approach the next of kin for permission before performing procedures on the newly deceased.     

砂仁药材及其饮片的质量分析

目的：对国内市售砂仁质量进行评价分析,为药品监管和质量标准提高提供科学依据。方法：依据法定标准对样品进行全面检验;采用性状和DNA条形码相结合对样品进行真伪评价,以此结果进一步对正品和伪品的挥发油总量和乙酸龙脑酯含量进行相关性分析。结果：按照法定标准抽检的样品,不符合规定项目为性状、乙酸龙脑酯含量测定,以近缘物种冒充砂仁的情况较为突出。结论：国内市售砂仁质量有待提高,可通过质量标准提高,增加专属性较强且可量化评判的性状特征、DNA条形码鉴别等方法进行质量控制。     

中药老字号专有技术的法律特征及保护对策

目的：尝试建立法律保护体系对中药老字号企业专有技术的有效覆盖。方法：检索相关数据和研究相关文献,在厘清中药老字号专有技术的法律特征的基础上,分析中药老字号企业专有技术保护存在的问题。结果与结论：分析发现目前我国中药老字号专有技术保护存在以下问题：专利对老字号保护效用欠缺;技术秘密保护手段受挤压;商标保护形式未得到中药老字号的重视;行政保护作用受限。而解决中药老字号专有技术的保护问题,有必要从完善专利、技术秘密和行政保护制度和商标保护等几个维度实现。     

Health-related quality of life among Mexican-origin Latinos: the role of immigration legal status

Objective: To assess the relationship between immigration legal status and related vulnerabilities and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Mexican-origin Latinos living in a U.S.-Mexico border region.

Methods: Data were obtained using multistage sampling from 393 Latino adults who took part in the 2009 San Diego Prevention Research Center community survey.

Results: Significant differences in HRQoL were found across immigration legal status subgroups. Vulnerabilities associated with HRQoL varied across immigration legal status subgroups, and only depression was associated with HRQoL regardless of immigration legal status.

Conclusion: Results from this study emphasize the need for policies and programs to facilitate access to preventive services, including mental health services, in order to maintain the health of at-risk Latino immigrants.     

脑性瘫痪合并癫痫的临床特征

脑性瘫痪康复过程中,癫痫是经常遭遇的棘手问题。人口普查性流行病学调查以及医院或康复机构报道,脑瘫儿中癫痫患病率为8%~62%;癫痫可以发生在任何类型的脑瘫中,但以痉挛型四肢瘫和偏瘫最常见,低出生体重、新生儿发作、癫痫家族史、认知障碍、皮层损伤等因素明显增加癫痫的危险;脑瘫患儿癫痫半数以上1岁内发病,痉挛型四肢瘫癫痫发病年龄早于其他类型脑瘫;癫痫类型以部分性最常见,其次是婴儿痉挛和Lennox-Gastaut综合征;脑瘫患儿的癫痫往往预后差,半数属于难治性癫痫,需要多药治疗,发作控制率37%~65·2%。     

Social factors of sickness absences and ways of coping: a qualitative study of men and women with mental and musculoskeletal diagnoses,Norway

The rate of sickness absence is a serious problem in Norway and Scandinavia as a whole. Musculoskeletal problems are a heterogeneous category, covering a spectrum from a broken back and diffuse muscle pains. Mental diagnoses constitute generally about 25–30% of the total number of the long-term sickness absences. It is thus important to document scientifically how and why participation in nature–culture–health (NaCuHeal) activities may prove beneficial for individuals with long-term illnesses. The purpose of our project is to focus on and to discuss how social factors influence sickness absence. There were two aims of this study: (a) to explore and reveal the absentees' own experiences and perceptions of sickness absence in daily life and (b) to explore and reveal the absentees' own perceptions and experiences of various coping strategies while being on sickness absence. Qualitative method through a pragmatic synthesis of elements of ethnography and grounded theory were used. The sample from the county of Oppland, Norway (n = 30), had a mental or a musculoskeletal diagnosis in accordance with the ICPC-2 medical classification system. In this study, men and women understand and interpret their health situation differently; most men in this sample have become ill due to work-related factors, and for women it seems to be the combined impact of domestic responsibilities and job strain, the so-called double exposure. Health-promoting nature and culture activities refuel their energy levels, which in turn help them to sustain their social network. A combination of various social activities seemed also to be beneficial as long as these activities could be personally chosen within their own time and space. This notion highlights the importance of a lay perspective on the illness experience and its connections to coping strategies. Combined with discussion of sickness absence as a phenomenon, we believe that our findings can contribute to a wider understanding of sickness absence, the complexity behind the outbreak of long-term illnesses and ways of coping in everyday life. This research may add important knowledge and insight, hence increase awareness and understanding of NaCuHeal benefits among health personnel and rehabilitation.     

眼眶淋巴瘤的高频声像及彩色多普勒超声诊断

目的 分析探讨眼眶淋巴瘤的高频声像及彩色血流多普勒的图像特性,以找出一些超声诊断规律.方法 回顾分析了7例眼眶内淋巴瘤临床表现、好发部位、超声特征,并与术后病理进行对比研究.结果 发现本组眼眶淋巴瘤的高频超声声像图具有一定的特征表现,与肿瘤的病理解剖及组织特性表现相关.并对眼眶淋巴瘤的彩色血流显示率、血流流速及阻力指数进行了统计学分析处理.结论 眼眶内淋巴瘤的高频声像图具有一定的特征性超声表现,肿块有丰富的血流显示,流速高,结合好发部位及临床表现有助于对肿块病理性质的诊断.     

Dangerous Decisions: Influence of Juror Attitudes and Defendant Appearance on Legal Decision-Making

According to the dangerous decisions theory (Porter, S., & ten Brinke, L. (2009). Dangerous decisions: A theoretical framework for understanding how judges assess credibility in the courtroom. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 14(1), 119–134), intuitive evaluations of facial trustworthiness influence the interpretation of evidence presented in courtroom settings. This study examined the role of individual differences in this process. Participants were presented with crime narratives, accompanied by a photograph of the supposed defendant that was previously rated as highly trustworthy or untrustworthy. Following presentation of the evidence in each case, participants rated the defendant's culpability and then completed questionnaires assessing potential biases. Participants endorsing justice–fairness were more likely to exonerate an untrustworthy-looking defendant, but less likely to exonerate a trustworthy-looking one. Individuals who held a strong racial bias, by contrast, were less likely to be influenced by exonerating evidence, specifically for untrustworthy-looking defendants. These results suggest that faces varying in trustworthiness activate particular biases, and a tunnel vision approach to decision-making that may lead to wrongful convictions in a legal setting.